The Question of the Genocidal Conduct
THE AD HOMINEM
First of all, an ad-hominem argument I want to discuss early so that we can ignore it hereafter because ad-hominem arguments are fallacies for a reason. What usually comes into my mind is the fact that Ramaphosa had good reason to perhaps not bother with transnational conflicts not even tangentially relevant to a country like his. South Africa does not play a major role in any international alliance, so that there is no reason to push itself into the limelight. If he wanted to solve conflicts, he should sweep in front of his own doorstep, first of all. General poverty¹ frequently triggers violence on the streets, in the shape of robberies and thievery, the police cannot get hold of it². When his country passed the lawsuit, he announced it on his LinkedIn profile too, and the comments, particularly the top comment, spoke for themselves³. Those are not (just) boeren who fear to become targets of POC⁴, those are POC who fear that they could be begotten by their peers. So, in my opinion, as a side argument, Ramaphosa had enough conflicts to care about at the homefront, there is no need to move the points of interest abroad. One argument on why he does that are elections: Recently, he has announced that the general election will be held on May 09, 2024⁵, so this could be part of his re-election campaign, to stylise himself as a civil-rights activist in the fashion of Nelson Mandela, who is now placed up front with the quote that " our freedom is incomplete without the freedom of the Palestinians"⁶. The second part of the quote--that the same applied to Timor Leste--is of course crapped out because those people don't care about Timor Leste, the fewest could even tell where the country is even located⁷. But the more concerning, hypocritical point is that today's ANC is audacious enough to still call itself the party of Mandela, a misnomer comparable to the Trump GOP calling itself "the party of Lincoln"⁸. Also, if Nelson Mandela were still alive today, I think that while he were seriously concerned about the Palestinians' well-being, for which everyone had a reason, I think he were firstly more concerned about his own people, which made sense. Back in 1997, things looked brighter for South Africa. Nowadays, they are back at zero. Coming back to the speech that is so often cited (without context or source, to my great destitution), it should also be noted that he held then-Israeli president Yitzak Rabin in high regard for his contributions to the Oslo Agreements. For context: Rabin was later murdered by Zionists for those same contributions⁹. I cannot tell in what way this is relevant, but I thought that those who didn't know should know.
THE ACTUAL TEXT
And now for the actual point I wanted to make: As I have written elsewhere, in a comment somewhere here on Facebook, the lawsuit will, in my opinion, fail on the lack of merit; the judges will not be able to notice a genocidal intent¹⁰. Now one may wonder what a genocidal intent actually meant. In the Oxford Handbook of Genocide Studies, it is defined as follows:
"It defined genocide very broadly as acts committed with the 'purpose of destroying [a human group] in a whole or in part, or of preventing its preservation or development'."¹¹
As I have said in the aforementioned comment that no-one with a life beyond the virtual world could retrieve still¹², it will be nearly impossible to allege the IDF of committing a genocide in retaliation for the massacre the Hamas has committed in the kibbutzim as well as the festival site. (Sources at request; I presume that this is common knowledge now) First of all, if they wanted to eradicate the Palestinian people, which would be difficult to undertake, given the many who don't live in Gaza or the West Bank, they would make it more difficult for themselves by evacuating the cities they intend to enter, even announcing that days or weeks beforehand. (see brackets above) But the question of intent is also the subject of debates in apparent papers, although the definitions presented is as little surprising as one would expect when just knowing what the word (https://www.dictionary.com/browse/intent) means. What matters most is the question of an express intent to destroy the target entirely. In Israel and Palestine, this is key, but also something I will not go as far back as I lack knowledge thereof; if we viewed this ongoing conflict only from October 07, 2023, the case is clear that Israel has good reason to dry out the source of the kibbutzim massacre. And in papers, this factor has been pointed out as well:
"But the issue in the case of genocide is that a defendant might invoke superior orders to negate the genocidal intent required for the establishment of a prima facie case, irrespective of what excuses the defendant might invoke."¹³
Now this addresses something else--speaking of a superior order that could overturn the whole case, by invoking it. In the case of the ICC case, this could be hard to find, given that it is already the highest order, unless Judgement Day should suddenly take place, and God descended on the earth to Himself vanish evil forces endangering His creation.
However, we were speaking of express intent (page 2286) of--in this case--eradication of Palestinians. outside of some fringe Zionist fundamentalists with no governmental role in the Israeli emergency government, although I couldn't even find such, outside of a video that alleged 'a majority of Israeli Jews' supporting the 'removal of Palestinians', although there are two good reasons to be sceptical about the statement:
(1) Al Jazeera is a Qatari based, government-controlled news agency, and Qatar, while belonging to the nations making advancements towards reconciliation with Israel, is still ready to backstab the Israelites when called upon;
(2) The study they refer to, Pew Research Center's¹⁴, does not ever mention this question.
So, anyway, there has been no statement issued so far that outlined the intent of removing Palestinians of the face of the earth. What we have heard is the outspoken intent to wipe Hamas off the face of the earth¹⁵. This is an important differentiation too many who talk about the issue either ignore consciously, which means that they themselves are ill-intent in order to malign Israel and its inhabitants, or they were ill-informed, in which case a little more caution were welcome. I so far have tried my best as well to remain neutral, although I confess that I did not always live up to that premise, showing express support for Israel, although I see the Palestinian cause and agree that there must be a mutually acceptable solution, as Palestinians deserve nationhood as much as the Israelites do. The problem is that the former's goal cannot be achieved when they flock towards an organisation that itself does next to nothing to calm the tensions and work towards nationhood (without the eradication of Israel, which is plainly impossible and impermissible. Displacement in the fashion of a Naqba was heinous the day it took place, and would still be today, and retaliation is not a diplomatic tool but a crime, comparable to lynch justice) But as you can see in the sources noted below, there is no express intent. Which brought us the question: Does the IDF show any strategem that fit the concept of displacement (a 'second Naqba', as Al Jazeera likes to call it, further degrading its status as a journalistic agency) and willful murder of civilians? There have been numerous incidents in which the IDF was righteously criticised for atrocious misbehaviour that led to civilian casualties, although a reliable overview work is hard to come by. There are single incidents reported, but so far, the only sources that try to calculate the total number of civilian deaths actually caused by the IDF's deficiencies are those who instrumentalise them to daemonise Israel as a whole. True enough, counting and disseminating such cases is as difficult as urban warfare as a whole, not to speak of the Hamas' strategy of using civilians as human shields and internalising their predetermination as 'martyrs'¹⁶. From time to time, videos and information emerge alleging the Hamas of training children on guns¹⁷, which some would likely claim were only natural in a country that hadn't known peace for more than a century, but only shows us again instead how little their leadership is interested in contributing to a soon peace and nationhood agreement.
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| Fars Media Corporation, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons |
The civilian toll could also be linked to the poor infrastructure within Gaza, which is surprising regarding how much humanitarian aid has already been channelled over the span of decades. The problem, again, is the dictatorial government of the Hamas that has not undergone an election since 2005. It has exploited said humanitarian funds to crank up its militant arm's power, while leaving the civilians to beg¹⁸. Another deleterious factor of the Hamas' strategy is its location within civilian infrastructure, which leaves the IDF with a dilemma: It either leaves the Hamas alone or at least penetrates this infrastructure only by foot and armed vehicles, thus risking a greater human toll on its side, or it evacuates civilians and then destroys Hamas' civilian/military infrastructure, risking that some civilians were held aback by Hamas, so that some civilians were still killed in the process, thus delivering them more means of propaganda¹⁹. (The source mentions that civilians were stopped from evacuating; the rest is my own interpretation of the reason. If you disagree, that's OK) We come closer to inverting the argument, stating that actually, the Hamas prepares a genocide of its own people, or at least gambling with such an outcome while trying to twist the global community's view on Israel. And assuming that the fewest would read more about the more recent conflict (say, from the Oslo Accords onwards, to give everyone a chance), the odds are in their favour. The great majority will only read the news they see on TV or hear on the radio, and notice on their social media feed, where pro-Hamas content is more popular because populists are better at flooding social media with viral content²⁰. People are easily influenced by emotionalising content (and I don't mean to say that emphasising the civilian toll, particularly of women and children, were emotionalising; the problem is that pro-Hamas content often features uncensored dead bodies accompanied by personal data to 'give them a face'. This is intentionally gut-wrenching to boost sympathies for their cause, stripping the whole situation of its context. One could say that this were a twisted rapist-victim situation, where the former posted the latter's body on social media to boost support for further efforts required to stop rape incidents from increasing), this were like the pro-Russian Twitter anon who claimed that a Ukrainian refugee emotionalised the debate about the Russian war against Ukraine by mentioning that his family died in Russian airstrikes in Charków. I don't make that pseudo-argument, because it's dehumanising. But victims are not a means to boost either side because in wars, lives are always lost on both sides. Counting bodies on either side to make a case that one were worse than the other is just another example of dehumanisation, which is the reason why the numbers of the Gazan Health Ministry need to be consumed with grains of salt twofold, not to speak of their flawed methodology to disseminate the causes of death and (probable) perpetrators²¹. Of course Israel is better off at defending itself than Hamas, for two reasons: (1) Throughout its history, Israel was in defence mode because it is caught in a gauntlet of hostile neighbours; (2) As I have mentioned beforehand, the Hamas has exploited humanitarian aid to boost its Qasam brigades rather than improving Gazan infrastructure. A technically redundant (3) would be that Hamas has always been in offensive mode, and never thought, or has ever been interested in protecting its citizens in case it fell behind. The whole situation Hamas have built up can be understood as one morbid spin of 'it's not a bug, it's a feature'.
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Finally, what could be our conclusion? First, the legal argument remains complicated and I am in no position to compose it for either side. For this reason, in case it shouldn't have become obvious through the text, I have returned quickly towards the political one in which I am more experienced and more elaborate. What I would still defend sternly is the argument that Israel does not conduct a genocide against Palestinians: It neither had reason to, nor interest, nor could it benefit thereof anyhow, because it's still marginally dependent on the West's support, especially the US'. If it conducted a genocide, sanctions would rain over Israel more than Iranian bombs and missiles. The antebellum Netanyahu governmentwas fiendish against Palestinians to some degree, there's no denying that, but it is still not as bad as it is sometimes displayed. The PM's name is still Netanyahu, not Ben-Gvir. Yes, Ben-Gvir should go immediately, he has sown division within the Israeli society through his statements, but this is a question to which it can be returned after the conflict is over. We will likely not see it happening even thereafter, but such are the problems we have to deal with when a right-winged populist party forms the governmental coalition. It still doesn't justify the vilification Israel often receives, peaking at denying its right to exist. (Not to say that this didn't happen when Benny Gantz was PM...) There will not be a diplomatic end to the historical conflict between the two as long as Bibi is PM and the Hamas is still the body-politics of Palestine. It requires fresh, young actors on both sides of the border, an end of Israeli settlements in zones of the West Bank that are either not Israel's (jurisdiction) or both sides'; and an allowance for Palestinians to work on the West Bank and enter the Temple Mount. The latter is of course the thorniest issue, and the most realistic solution to it would be to internationalise it altogether²², a pathway that was also suggested for the Crimean peninsula²³ before Russia expanded the warzone from Луганськ та Донецьк to all of Ukraine, after which the plans were scrapped and its liberation became the new old goal. Given the shared history²⁴ of the Temple Mount, it would be the most suitable solution at least for the two interest groups of three that play 'capture the flag' with it, namely the Israeli Jews and the Palestinians Muslims. While I think that Israelites could accustom to this status--in the end, they had no more rights to its access than th Palestinians had--, but Palestinians might be too hard-headed to accept this, as they would shuffle in another issue that was close to their heart: East Jerusalem (al-Quds, as they like to call the city) as a capital of their nation²⁵. To this solution, due to my overall ignorance of the topic, I could only suggest that such a status can only be fostered when tensions lowered down and hostilities especially by Palestinians against Israelites stopped; furthermore, courts that could run mutually accepted trials for perpetrators of both sides needed to be installed, so that no crimes could be remain unpunished.
(Something that were also required for an international Temple Mount; a hard borderline must be avoided at all costs, as this would only bear new conflicts) Because of the same reason, I will also cut the text off hereby before I will steep deeper into this choppy water. I never promised to solve the conflict at a whim, as I can't. All this text is intended to is to lay bare my understanding of the conflict. Israel is not a perpetrator, it enacts self-defence. The Palestinians aren't perpetrators either, they are being instrumentalised by one and seem desperate to someone protecting them, thus flocking to the perpetrator like sheep flocking around a wolf who promised them protection but instead keeps them as its livestock.
POSTSCRIPTUM
On February 29, 2024, a so-called 'massacre' had happened at a port where several displaced Gazans and Palestinians have awaited the arrival of humanitarian aid²⁶. Many expected plundering and what could only be described as a mass panic, given the destitution of those interior refugees and victims of the war. There is no denying that what has happened there was heinous, unprofessional (especially given that the IDF oversaw the situation prior to the panic and the subsequent shooting) and only providing leeway to those who allege Israel of conducting a genocide in Gaza. Because it cannot be left unaddressed in this post before it is even published, I shall also give my two cents about this subject, since that is what everyone does, especially those who receive their information from pro-Palestinian / anti-Israeli (including antisemitic and antizionist) sources. The sources I refer to you can find hereunder.
So far, we do not know what exactly has happened. What we know is that those displaced Gazans have flocked to the place where a ship with humanitarian aid was set to arrive, and once it approached said place, people became eager to be the first to receive aid as it was likely scarce and too little to serve everyone equally. The IDF was allegedly there to order the handouts so that no-one was turned down, especially women and children. What happens in between—the people waiting there and the multiple deaths, injuries and missing persons—seems obscure and untold so far. From sources like the witnesses who spoke to the BBC or the Qatari state-led news station Al Jazeera (not linked here) are just that: Eyewitness reports. Even in times like those, where everything seems recorded with smartphones, none were present there, not to speak of the likelihood of suggestive clippings to control the output of information. Press statements from either side—the IDF or Hamas—cannot be trusted either for the obvious reasons²⁷. As I have mentioned briefly in the footnote, we need an independent organisation to investigate what has happened, with all witness reports and all video footage available to it, to assess the incident. Until we have got that with a final, definitive report, we cannot tell what happened. It's likely that it was a mass panic. What has been called for instead so far was an inquiry into the IDF soldiers' shooting towards 'the mob'²⁸. Video footage will be essential for the investigation in order to tell whether the soldiers were right in their argumentation of beginning to shoot because the mob threatened their lives and safety. Because, on the one hand, prioritising one's life is right not only for soldiers but also for police officers, doctors and emergency medics, and firefighters. But on the other hand, soldiers in such situations in particular must have a thick skin in order to not overreact as the now internet-famous Okaloosa (Florida) police officer who mistook a tumbling acorn for gunshots, thus produced bodycam footage that showed him beginning to shoot in an otherwise peaceful neighbourhood²⁹. If the allegations became true, it would be another notch in an already damaged block of wood that is the Israeli military operation.
Until the above-mentioned premises are fulfilled, I will not move away from the statements I have made previous to this postscriptum. We could instead address the necessity to figure out what shall happen to Gaza postbellum, as I have said, but again, I do not have time for this at the moment, and it meant to digress from the red thread in this post. If I have time, knowledge and more sources speaking about this specific issue, I may write about it, but so far, this is all that shall be provided. I for myself hope that this was really just a quickly escalated mass panic and in no way intent to further decimate the Palestinian population. But due to scarce information, we cannot exactly tell what happened. Even those who were present and survived cannot tell for sure, due to man's restricted view and scope of the situation.
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¹ World Bank (April 2023), https://databankfiles.worldbank.org/public/ddpext_download/poverty/987B9C90-CB9F-4D93-AE8C-750588BF00QA/current/Global_POVEQ_ZAF.pdf
² Guy Lamb (Nov 17, 2023), https://theconversation.com/south-africas-police-are-losing-the-war-on-crime-heres-how-they-need-to-rethink-their-approach-218048
³ Cyril Ramaphosa (Feb 09, 2024), https://www.linkedin.com/posts/cyril-ramaphosa_icjgenocideconvention-activity-7157600754864644097-xbnL/
⁴ John Elligon (Aug 03, 2023), https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/02/world/africa/south-africa-kill-boer-song.html
⁵ South African Government (Feb 20, 2024), https://www.gov.za/news/media-statements/president-cyril-ramaphosa-announces-2024-general-elections-date-20-feb-2024
⁶ Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (web crawl from Jan 11, 2024), https://web.archive.org/web/20240111095152/http://www.mandela.gov.za/mandela_speeches/1997/971204_palestinian.htm
⁷ Al Jazeera via Reuters (May 23, 2023), https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/23/gusmao-looks-set-for-return-as-opposition-wins-east-timor-poll . TL;DR: Nobel Prize winner Xanana Gusmao has won the general election in Timor Leste. He was one of the main negotiators in his country's efforts for independence. It was in the year of 1975 that his country gained independence from Portugal; in 2002, the US approved of their nationhood, as you can read in a notification from the US DoS: https://history.state.gov/countries/timor-leste . I think that this information is of general interest.
⁸ Dion George (Sep 28, 2023), https://www.da.org.za/2023/09/us-congress-slams-anc-government-no-longer-the-party-of-nelson-mandela
⁹ Itamar Rabinovich. (2018). The Rabin Assassination as a Turning Point in Israel’s History. Israel Studies, 23(3), 25–29. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/israelstudies.23.3.05
¹⁰ Remember that in the preliminary ruling, Israel was only ordered to avoid committing a genocide, it could not yet tell whether that was actually happening; this ruling may influence the later decision-making too: https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/192/192-20240126-ord-01-00-en.pdf
¹¹ Moses, A. Dirk; Bloxham, Donald (Eds.) (2010). The Oxford Handbook of Genocide Studies. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Page 37. As quoted in: Bender, Oliver (2022). Capitalism & Anarchism. Rationalpolitik [Blogger]: https://politique-rationale.blogspot.com/2022/11/capitalism-anarchism.html#more . Page 242-243.
¹² I give up: Here's the link to the comment, before I am going to continue talking about it without being able to tell myself what I have said myself: https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid02dZBuLGwtSpXwSRkPB73womE6htr4HrWqvDeydqfm28YPbWBypabnjoHLfyJnYzRTl&id=100076803867275&comment_id=274211452219154&reply_comment_id=712974877702149¬if_id=1708030339137659¬if_t=comment_mention&ref=notif . Needless to say it is a zero-sum game to make concessions towards those who steadfastly defend Palestine and its governments (PA as well as Hamas) at all costs while calling those who defend Israel apologists of an apartheid régime, morally bankrupt and what-not, while they perceived themselves as supporters of anti-colonialist liberators. Not to speak of a homogenous mass, but anecdotal impressions I gained from being on the internet. We live in a mad world indeed.
¹³ Alexander K.A. Greenawalt, Rethinking Genocidal Intent: The Case for a Knowledge-Based Interpretation, 99 Colum. L. Rev. 2259 (1999), http://digitalcommons.pace.edu/lawfaculty/338/. Page 2280.
¹⁴ Pew Research Center (March 08, 2016), https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2016/03/08/israels-religiously-divided-society/
¹⁵ Reuters (Oct 11, 2023), https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/netanyahu-gantz-agree-form-emergency-israel-government-statement-2023-10-11/
In a speech given on the very day that the massacre happened, Netanyahu has given a speech in which he spoke that he intended to destroy Hamas' capacities to commit such acts again, thus excluding the destruction of Hamas as I have stylised it hitherto: https://www.gov.il/en/departments/news/event-statement071023
Assuming that this remained the ultimate goal he intends to achieve, he stuck to it in later speeches such as the one he gave on January 18, 2024, where he set 'ultimate victory' as the goalpost the IDF pursued in Gaza: https://www.gov.il/en/departments/news/event-conference180124
¹⁶ A fresher source: Douglas J. Feith (Oct 16, 2023), https://www.hudson.org/terrorism/hamas-strategy-human-sacrifice-douglas-feith
And one that is older but for once by a better-known source and spanning a specific period of time:
Strategic Communication Center of Excellence (NATO) (N/A), https://stratcomcoe.org/cuploads/pfiles/hamas_human_shields.pdf
¹⁷ The first source I ever found was a propaganda video by Hamas and wired onto YouTube by means of the IDF: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G_qOZCxvmNg
Arabic foreign-language programmes brought the same sources up to technically reiterate what has already been said thereby: https://www.memri.org/tv/children-hamas-summer-camps-undergo-military-training-handle-weapons-simulate-conquering-jerusalem
What is most interesting about this is the fact that those are not news per se; already in 2004, then-president Isaac Herzog (who is still the incumbent president to this day) has presented evidence thereupon to US TV broadcaster NBC that the Hamas did exactly that: https://www.ynetnews.com/article/b1udrfdu6
This did not stop Al Jazeera from pretending to be the Hamas' press office and flat-out deny this, mockingly asking who were afraid of the Hamas' summer camps: https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2021/8/2/whos-afraid-of-hamas-summer-camps , to which I would return the favour of their rhetoric question with: Who is afraid of the IDF's response to the Hamas' Oct. 07 operation? It always takes two to dance.
¹⁸ Israel Defence Forces (IDF) (Jan 25, 2018), https://www.idf.il/en/mini-sites/the-hamas-terrorist-organization/hamas-exploitation-of-humanitarian-aid/
¹⁹ Times of Israel via Agencies (Oct 26, 2023), https://www.timesofisrael.com/idf-gaza-resident-says-hamas-preventing-evacuations-thousands-return-north/
²⁰ Caitlin Chin-Rothmann (Oct 12, 2023), https://www.csis.org/analysis/social-media-platforms-were-not-ready-hamas-misinformation
²¹ Debre, Isabel (Nov 07, 2023), https://apnews.com/article/israel-hamas-war-gaza-health-ministry-health-death-toll-59470820308b31f1faf73c703400b033
²² Josiah Rotenberg (Nov 11, 2020), https://www.meforum.org/61766/internationalize-the-temple-mount
²³ Athina Fouchard Papaefstratiou (Feb 05, 2023), https://arbitrationblog.kluwerarbitration.com/2023/02/05/crimea-as-russian-territory-for-the-purposes-of-the-russia-ukraine-bit-consent-v-international-law/
²⁴ Gonen, R. (2003). Contested Holiness: Jewish, Muslim, and Christian Perspectives on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem. KTAV Publishing House, Inc.
²⁵ Norwegian Refugee Council (December 2013), https://www.nrc.no/globalassets/pdf/reports/the-legal-status-of-east-jerusalem.pdf
²⁶ Adams, Paul; Gritten, David (March 01, 2024). Israel-Gaza war: More than 100 reported killed in crowd near Gaza aid convoy. BBC News: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-68434443
²⁷ To read what the Hamas had to say about this, because I don't speak any Arabic dialect, we have to rely on what the above-mentioned state-led news agency reports: Al Jazeera (via Agencies) (February 29, 2024), https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/29/heinous-deadly-israeli-attack-on-gaza-aid-seekers-condemned
Palestinian group Hamas called the attack “a heinous massacre added to the long series of massacres committed by the criminal Zionist entity against our Palestinian people”.
The Israeli Defence Force (IDF) has released a statement of its own in English, in which they stated inter alia (https://www.idf.il/183163):
About 400 meters from the [humanitarian] corridor, the trucks were stopped by the mob. Tens of Gazan residents were killed as a result of overcrowding, and the Palestinian trucks unfortunately ran over them during an attempt to escape.
So, no words uttered so far about the application of live ammunition by the soldiers involved in the coordination of aid distribution at the place. This comes a little hereafter:
An IDF force that was securing the area passed by the crowd and opened fire only when they encountered danger, when the mob moved toward it in a manner that endangered the force. The footage shows how tanks pass adjacent to the mob and do not harm it. I emphasize–contrary to accusations, we did not fire toward individuals seeking aid and we did not fire toward the humanitarian convoy from the ground nor from the air. (Emphasis mine)
So, this is that, but as I will have written in the main text of the Poscriptum, you cannot fully trust either side's statements on the situation. We require an independent investigation, although the question is, which could it be.
²⁸ Irish, John; Mackenzie, James (March 01, 2024). Pressure mounts for inquiry into Israeli troops firing on Gazans waiting for aid. Reuters: https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/pressure-mounts-inquiry-into-israeli-troops-firing-gazans-waiting-aid-2024-03-01/
²⁹ Armstrong, Kiah (February 14, 2024), https://www.fox35orlando.com/news/shots-fired-florida-deputy-resigns-after-mistaking-gunshots-for-acorns-prompting-officer-involved-shooting
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